E120Insect-derived
Carmine / cochineal
A red color made from cochineal insects. Halal certifiers and qualified scholarly rulings do not all treat its use the same way.
- Also written as
- natural red 4, natural colour 4, natural color 4, carminic acid, cochineal extract, cochineal, colour 120, color 120, ins 120
- Possible source
- Cochineal insects.
- Common uses
- Red or pink confectionery, dairy products, drinks, cosmetics, and supplements.
- Best next step
- Check the finished product's certifier or follow the qualified ruling you trust.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E120 (Carmine / cochineal). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E120 guide →E153Check source
Vegetable carbon / carbon black
E153 is used as a black color. The label name may not show whether the carbon source is vegetable, animal-related, or otherwise documented by the supplier.
- Also written as
- vegetable carbon, carbon black, activated charcoal, ins 153
- Possible source
- Carbon source can require supplier confirmation.
- Common uses
- Black confectionery, coatings, decorations, drinks, and some supplement products.
- Best next step
- Ask for the carbon source and rely on current halal certification when the finished product is certified.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E153 (Vegetable carbon / carbon black). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E252Check source
Potassium nitrate
A curing preservative and color-fixing additive. Some halal source guides flag the production source for verification.
- Also written as
- saltpetre, saltpeter, niter, ins 252
- Possible source
- Mineral or manufactured source, depending on supplier route.
- Common uses
- Cured meats, preserved meat products, and some traditional curing applications.
- Best next step
- Check both the additive source and the halal status of the meat product itself.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E252 (Potassium nitrate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E322Usually identifiable
Lecithins
Lecithin is commonly made from soy or sunflower and can also come from egg. Many labels state the source beside the ingredient name.
- Also written as
- lecithin, soy lecithin, sunflower lecithin, egg lecithin, ins 322
- Possible source
- Common sources include soy, sunflower, and egg.
- Common uses
- Chocolate, baked goods, spreads, supplements, and emulsified foods.
- Best next step
- Read the source wording after lecithin, then check the rest of the finished product.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E322 (Lecithins). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E322 guide →E422Check source
Glycerol / glycerin
The same ingredient name can describe glycerol made from plant oils, animal fats, or synthetic processes.
- Also written as
- glycerine, glycerin, glycerol, ins 422
- Possible source
- Plant, animal, or synthetic manufacturing inputs.
- Common uses
- Confectionery, supplements, flavor systems, softgels, and moisture-retaining products.
- Best next step
- Ask whether it is vegetable-derived, synthetic, or animal-derived and whether certification covers it.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E422 (Glycerol / glycerin). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E422 guide →E441Animal-derived
Gelatin
Gelatin comes from animal or fish collagen. The code does not identify the species, slaughter status, or certification.
- Also written as
- gelatine, gelatin e441, gelatine e441, gelling agent 441, ins 441
- Possible source
- Typically cattle, pigs, fish, or another animal source.
- Common uses
- Gummies, marshmallows, desserts, capsules, yogurt, and confectionery.
- Best next step
- Look for fish, bovine, or halal-certified gelatin. Verify any source that remains unnamed.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E441 (Gelatin). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E441 guide →E445Check source
Glycerol esters of wood rosin
This stabilizer combines wood rosin with glycerol. The rosin is plant-derived, while the glycerol source may still need verification.
- Also written as
- glycerol ester of wood rosin, ester gum, ins 445
- Possible source
- Wood rosin plus glycerol that may have plant, animal, or synthetic inputs.
- Common uses
- Citrus-flavored drinks, beverage emulsions, and flavor systems.
- Best next step
- Confirm the glycerol source or rely on current certification for the finished product.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E445 (Glycerol esters of wood rosin). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E445 guide →E433Check source
Polysorbate 80
A common emulsifier made from sorbitan, ethylene oxide, and oleic-acid related inputs. The fatty-acid source may still matter.
- Also written as
- tween 80, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, ins 433
- Possible source
- Oleic-acid or fatty-acid input with supplier-specific origin.
- Common uses
- Ice cream, desserts, sauces, drinks, supplements, and flavor emulsions.
- Best next step
- Ask whether the fatty-acid input is vegetable-derived, synthetic, animal-derived, or certified.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E433 (Polysorbate 80). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E435Check source
Polysorbate 60
This emulsifier includes a stearic-acid related input. Stearic acid can be plant or animal-derived unless the supplier states otherwise.
- Also written as
- tween 60, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, ins 435
- Possible source
- Stearic-acid input with supplier-specific origin.
- Common uses
- Baked goods, whipped toppings, desserts, and emulsified foods.
- Best next step
- Ask whether the stearic acid is vegetable-derived or covered by halal certification.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E435 (Polysorbate 60). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E436Check source
Polysorbate 65
A stearic-acid based polysorbate. The E-number identifies the additive, not the origin of the fatty-acid input.
- Also written as
- tween 65, polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate, ins 436
- Possible source
- Stearic-acid input with supplier-specific origin.
- Common uses
- Desserts, whipped products, emulsified fats, and bakery applications.
- Best next step
- Request the stearic-acid source or check certification for the exact product.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E436 (Polysorbate 65). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E470Check source
Salts of fatty acids
Fatty-acid salts may begin with vegetable or animal fat. The code identifies the additive family but not that starting material.
- Also written as
- e470a, e470b, fatty acid salts, magnesium salts of fatty acids, magnesium stearate, ins 470
- Possible source
- Fatty acids that may come from plant or animal fat.
- Common uses
- Powdered foods, tablets, supplements, confectionery, and anti-caking systems.
- Best next step
- Ask for the fatty-acid origin and whether the exact product is halal-certified.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E470 (Salts of fatty acids). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E470 guide →E471Check source
Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
E471 can be produced using plant or animal fatty acids, so the number by itself cannot settle the source question.
- Also written as
- mono and diglycerides, monoglycerides, diglycerides, glyceryl monostearate, emulsifier 471, emulsifier e471, e 471, ins 471
- Possible source
- Glycerol and fatty acids with plant, animal, or mixed inputs.
- Common uses
- Bread, ice cream, margarine, whipped toppings, snacks, and processed foods.
- Best next step
- Look for vegetable-source wording, trusted certification, or a manufacturer source statement.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E471 (Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E471 guide →E472Check source
Esters of mono- and diglycerides
The E472 family includes several emulsifiers made from mono- and diglycerides. Their fatty-acid input may be plant or animal-derived.
- Also written as
- e472a, e472b, e472c, e472d, e472e, e472f, e 472, emulsifier 472, datem, fatty acid esters, ins 472
- Possible source
- Mono- and diglycerides plus acetic, lactic, citric, or tartaric acids.
- Common uses
- Bread, bakery mixes, margarine, desserts, and emulsified foods.
- Best next step
- Check the exact subcode and ask whether every fatty-acid input is vegetable-derived or certified.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E472 (Esters of mono- and diglycerides). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E472 guide →E473Check source
Sucrose esters of fatty acids
This emulsifier combines sucrose with fatty acids. The fatty-acid source is not disclosed by the number alone.
- Also written as
- sucrose fatty acid esters, sucrose esters, ins 473
- Possible source
- Sucrose and fatty acids that may come from plant or animal fat.
- Common uses
- Bakery products, beverages, dairy alternatives, confectionery, and desserts.
- Best next step
- Ask whether the fatty acids are vegetable-derived or covered by halal certification.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E473 (Sucrose esters of fatty acids). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E475Check source
Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids
E475 is made using glycerol and fatty acids. Either input can require source evidence when the label gives no detail.
- Also written as
- polyglycerol fatty acid esters, pge, ins 475
- Possible source
- Glycerol plus fatty acids with potentially variable origins.
- Common uses
- Cakes, whipped products, spreads, confectionery, and emulsified fats.
- Best next step
- Request the glycerol and fatty-acid sources or verify certification for the exact product.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E475 (Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E475 guide →E476Check source
Polyglycerol polyricinoleate
PGPR is widely used in chocolate. Castor oil is plant-derived, but conservative halal checks still confirm glycerol and processing aids where a certifier requires it.
- Also written as
- pgpr, polyglycerol esters of polycondensed fatty acids of castor oil, ins 476
- Possible source
- Castor-oil fatty acids plus polyglycerol inputs.
- Common uses
- Chocolate, compound chocolate, spreads, coatings, and confectionery.
- Best next step
- Check whether the finished product is certified, or ask whether the glycerol input is vegetable-derived or synthetic.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E476 (Polyglycerol polyricinoleate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E477Check source
Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids
The propylene glycol portion is normally synthetic, but the fatty-acid portion may be plant or animal-derived.
- Also written as
- propylene glycol fatty acid esters, pg esters, ins 477
- Possible source
- Propylene glycol plus fatty acids with supplier-specific origin.
- Common uses
- Cake mixes, whipped toppings, desserts, and aerated bakery products.
- Best next step
- Ask for the fatty-acid origin and certification status of the exact product.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E477 (Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E481Check source
Sodium stearoyl lactylate
This emulsifier includes stearic acid. Stearic acid can have plant or animal starting materials, which the E-number does not identify.
- Also written as
- sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate, ssl, ins 481
- Possible source
- Stearic acid and lactic acid.
- Common uses
- Bread, buns, tortillas, bakery mixes, sauces, and processed foods.
- Best next step
- Ask whether the stearic acid is vegetable-derived or covered by a valid halal certificate.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E481 (Sodium stearoyl lactylate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E482Check source
Calcium stearoyl lactylate
Like E481, this dough emulsifier includes stearic acid. The source of that stearic acid is the halal-source question.
- Also written as
- calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate, csl, ins 482
- Possible source
- Stearic acid and lactic acid.
- Common uses
- Bread, rolls, bakery mixes, tortillas, and processed bakery products.
- Best next step
- Ask whether the stearic acid is vegetable-derived, animal-derived, or covered by halal certification.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E482 (Calcium stearoyl lactylate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E491Check source
Sorbitan monostearate
A sorbitan ester made with stearic acid. The code does not show whether that stearic-acid source is vegetable or animal-derived.
- Also written as
- span 60, sorbitan stearate, ins 491
- Possible source
- Sorbitol plus stearic acid.
- Common uses
- Chocolate, bakery products, desserts, whipped toppings, and emulsified foods.
- Best next step
- Ask for the stearic-acid source or confirm the product is covered by halal certification.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E491 (Sorbitan monostearate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E542Animal-derived
Edible bone phosphate
This additive is obtained from animal bones. The code does not identify the species or slaughter controls.
- Also written as
- bone phosphate, edible bone phosphate, ins 542
- Possible source
- Animal bone.
- Common uses
- Some supplements, anti-caking applications, and older food formulations.
- Best next step
- Require clear species and halal-source evidence or certification from an authority you trust.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E542 (Edible bone phosphate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E570Check source
Fatty acids
The additive name covers fatty acids that may be manufactured from vegetable or animal fat.
- Also written as
- stearic acid, fatty acids, ins 570
- Possible source
- Plant or animal fat, depending on the supplier.
- Common uses
- Confectionery, supplements, tablet manufacture, coatings, and anti-caking systems.
- Best next step
- Ask which raw material supplied the fatty acids and whether certification covers it.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E570 (Fatty acids). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E572Check source
Magnesium stearate
Common in tablets, capsules, and powdered products. The stearic-acid source can be vegetable, animal, or supplier-specific.
- Also written as
- magnesium salts of fatty acids, stearic acid magnesium salt, ins 572
- Possible source
- Magnesium salt of stearic acid.
- Common uses
- Supplements, tablets, capsules, powdered drinks, and anti-caking systems.
- Best next step
- Ask whether the stearic acid is vegetable-derived or whether the supplement is halal-certified.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E572 (Magnesium stearate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E572 guide →E627Check source
Disodium guanylate
E627 is a flavor enhancer. Official additive records identify the compound, while source guidance and certification are still separate questions.
- Also written as
- sodium guanylate, disodium 5 guanylate, guanosine monophosphate, gmp, ins 627
- Possible source
- Commercial production may use guanylic-acid, fermentation, or other documented inputs.
- Common uses
- Instant noodles, chips, soups, sauces, seasonings, and savory snacks.
- Best next step
- Check certification and the supplier source, especially when it appears with E631 or E635.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E627 (Disodium guanylate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E630Check source
Inosinic acid
A flavor enhancer connected to the same source questions as inosinate salts. Supplier route matters more than the number alone.
- Also written as
- 5-inosinic acid, imp, ins 630
- Possible source
- Meat, fish, fermentation, or supplier-specific production route.
- Common uses
- Savory snacks, chips, soups, noodles, seasonings, and sauces.
- Best next step
- Ask whether it is fermentation-produced, fish-derived, or meat-derived from a halal-controlled source.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E630 (Inosinic acid). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E631Check source
Disodium inosinate
SANHA lists possible sources including meat extract, dried sardines, and microbiological fermentation. The code does not reveal which route a supplier used.
- Also written as
- sodium inosinate, disodium 5 inosinate, inosine monophosphate, imp, flavour enhancer 631, flavor enhancer 631, flavour enhancer e631, flavor enhancer e631, ins 631
- Possible source
- Meat, fish, or microbiological fermentation, depending on production.
- Common uses
- Chips, instant noodles, soup mixes, sauces, seasonings, and canned foods.
- Best next step
- Ask whether it is fermentation-produced, fish-derived, or meat-derived and request halal evidence for the exact product.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E631 (Disodium inosinate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E632Check source
Dipotassium inosinate
An inosinate flavor enhancer. Halal checks focus on the inosinic-acid source, especially for savory snacks and seasonings.
- Also written as
- potassium inosinate, potassium 5 inosinate, ins 632
- Possible source
- Inosinic-acid source may be meat, fish, fermentation, or supplier-specific.
- Common uses
- Chips, instant noodles, soups, sauces, and seasoning blends.
- Best next step
- Ask for the production route and certification coverage for the exact finished product.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E632 (Dipotassium inosinate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E633Check source
Calcium inosinate
A calcium salt of inosinic acid. The halal-source question is the origin of the inosinic acid used by the supplier.
- Also written as
- calcium 5 inosinate, ins 633
- Possible source
- Inosinic-acid source may be meat, fish, fermentation, or supplier-specific.
- Common uses
- Savory snacks, soups, sauces, seasonings, and processed foods.
- Best next step
- Ask whether the inosinic-acid source is fermentation, fish, or meat from a halal-certified route.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E633 (Calcium inosinate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E634Check source
Calcium 5-ribonucleotides
A flavor-enhancer mixture connected to guanylate and inosinate source questions. The inosinate component usually needs verification.
- Also written as
- calcium ribonucleotides, ins 634
- Possible source
- Mixture of calcium guanylate and calcium inosinate.
- Common uses
- Seasonings, snacks, soups, noodles, sauces, and processed savory foods.
- Best next step
- Verify the inosinate source and whether certification covers the seasoning blend or finished product.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E634 (Calcium 5-ribonucleotides). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E635Check source
Disodium 5-ribonucleotides
EU specifications describe E635 as a mixture of E627 and E631. That makes the E631 production source important to the finished mixture.
- Also written as
- disodium ribonucleotides, sodium 5 ribonucleotide, flavor enhancer 635, flavour enhancer 635, flavor enhancer e635, flavour enhancer e635, ins 635
- Possible source
- A mixture of disodium guanylate and disodium inosinate.
- Common uses
- Flavored chips, instant noodles, soups, manufactured pies, sauces, and seasoning blends.
- Best next step
- Verify the source of the E631 component and certification for the exact seasoning or product.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E635 (Disodium 5-ribonucleotides). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E640Check source
Glycine and its sodium salt
Glycine can be produced through different routes. Some halal source guides flag gelatin-related or animal-derived production for verification.
- Also written as
- glycine, sodium glycinate, aminoacetic acid, ins 640
- Possible source
- Synthetic, fermentation, gelatin-related, or other supplier-specific production.
- Common uses
- Flavor enhancement, seasonings, supplements, and processed foods.
- Best next step
- Request the manufacturing route and current halal certification rather than relying on the name alone.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E640 (Glycine and its sodium salt). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E901Usually identifiable
Beeswax
Beeswax is a glazing and polishing agent from bee honeycomb. SANHA lists E901 as halal under its guidance.
- Also written as
- white beeswax, yellow beeswax, bee wax, ins 901
- Possible source
- Bee honeycomb.
- Common uses
- Confectionery, chewing gum, coated fruit, supplements, and cosmetics.
- Best next step
- Confirm the exact coating and check the rest of the product formula or certification.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E901 (Beeswax). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E903Usually identifiable
Carnauba wax
Carnauba wax is a plant-derived glazing material obtained from the leaves of a Brazilian palm.
- Also written as
- carnauba, carnauba glaze, brazil wax, ins 903
- Possible source
- Leaves of the carnauba palm.
- Common uses
- Confectionery, chewing gum, coated fruit, tablet coatings, and cosmetics.
- Best next step
- Use the plant source as one fact, then check other coatings, flavors, and the finished product.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E903 (Carnauba wax). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E904Insect-derived
Shellac
Shellac is a glazing material made from resin secreted by lac insects. Halal certifiers and qualified rulings can differ on its use.
- Also written as
- confectioner's glaze, confectioners glaze, pharmaceutical glaze, glazing agent 904, glaze 904, lac resin, e 904, ins 904
- Possible source
- Lac-insect secretion collected and refined from host trees.
- Common uses
- Glossy candy, chocolate, coated fruit, coffee beans, tablets, and capsules.
- Best next step
- Check the product's certifier or follow the qualified ruling you trust.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E904 (Shellac). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E904 guide →E920Check source
L-cysteine
L-cysteine may be made through synthetic or fermentation routes or from animal-related material. A bakery label rarely names the route.
- Also written as
- l cysteine, cysteine, cysteine hydrochloride, flour treatment agent, ins 920
- Possible source
- Synthetic, fermentation, hair, feather, or other supplier-documented production.
- Common uses
- Bread, buns, bagels, pizza dough, bakery mixes, and some flavor systems.
- Best next step
- Ask for the manufacturing source and whether certification covers the ingredient or finished product.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E920 (L-cysteine). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E920 guide →E430Check source
Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate
An emulsifier built on stearic acid, which is produced from both vegetable oil and animal fat.
- Also written as
- polyoxyethylene 8 stearate, ins 430
- Possible source
- Stearic acid from plant oils or animal fat, reacted with ethylene oxide.
- Common uses
- Bakery products and emulsified foods.
- Best next step
- Ask the manufacturer for the origin of the stearic acid.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E430 (Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E430 guide →E431Check source
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate
The same stearic acid question as E430, at a different degree of ethoxylation.
- Also written as
- polyoxyethylene 40 stearate, ins 431
- Possible source
- Stearic acid from plant oils or animal fat.
- Common uses
- Bakery products and processed foods.
- Best next step
- Ask the manufacturer for the origin of the stearic acid.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E431 (Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E431 guide →E432Check source
Polysorbate 20
Built on lauric acid, which usually comes from coconut or palm kernel oil, though the label does not confirm it.
- Also written as
- polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, tween 20, ins 432
- Possible source
- Sorbitol, ethylene oxide, and lauric acid.
- Common uses
- Drinks, sauces, and supplement solubilisers.
- Best next step
- Ask for the fatty acid origin if there is no certification.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E432 (Polysorbate 20). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E432 guide →E434Check source
Polysorbate 40
Built on palmitic acid, which is produced from palm oil and also from animal fat.
- Also written as
- polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, tween 40, ins 434
- Possible source
- Sorbitol, ethylene oxide, and palmitic acid.
- Common uses
- Emulsified foods and supplements.
- Best next step
- Ask for the fatty acid origin if there is no certification.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E434 (Polysorbate 40). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E434 guide →E442Check source
Ammonium phosphatides
An emulsifier made from glycerol and fatty acids, most often rapeseed oil, used almost exclusively in chocolate.
- Also written as
- emulsifier YN, ins 442
- Possible source
- Glycerol and fatty acids, commonly from rapeseed oil.
- Common uses
- Chocolate and cocoa based coatings.
- Best next step
- Ask whether the glycerol and fatty acids are plant derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E442 (Ammonium phosphatides). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E442 guide →E444Check source
Sucrose acetate isobutyrate
A weighting agent made by reacting sucrose with organic acids. The acids are normally synthetic.
- Also written as
- SAIB, ins 444
- Possible source
- Sucrose reacted with acetic and isobutyric anhydrides.
- Common uses
- Cloudy soft drinks, as a weighting agent for flavour oils.
- Best next step
- Check certification for the finished drink rather than the additive alone.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E444 (Sucrose acetate isobutyrate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E474Check source
Sucroglycerides
Made by reacting sucrose with fats or oils, so the fat source carries the question.
- Also written as
- sucro glycerides, ins 474
- Possible source
- Sucrose reacted with edible fats, which may be plant or animal.
- Common uses
- Baked goods, dairy analogues, and emulsified foods.
- Best next step
- Ask for the origin of the fat used.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E474 (Sucroglycerides). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E474 guide →E478Check source
Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol
Glycerol, lactic acid, and fatty acids combined. Both the glycerol and the fatty acid can trace to animal fat.
- Also written as
- lactylated esters, ins 478
- Possible source
- Glycerol and fatty acids from plant or animal sources.
- Common uses
- Bakery and whipped products.
- Best next step
- Ask about both the glycerol and the fatty acid.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E478 (Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E478 guide →E479bCheck source
Thermally oxidised soya bean oil
Soya bean oil reacted with mono- and diglycerides, so the mono- and diglyceride portion still carries a source question.
- Also written as
- oxidised soya oil, ins 479
- Possible source
- Soya bean oil with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids.
- Common uses
- Frying fats and release agents.
- Best next step
- Ask about the mono- and diglyceride component.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E479b (Thermally oxidised soya bean oil). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E479b guide →E483Check source
Stearyl tartrate
Stearyl alcohol joined to tartaric acid. The stearyl portion derives from stearic acid.
- Also written as
- ins 483
- Possible source
- Stearic acid derivatives and tartaric acid.
- Common uses
- Flour treatment in baked goods.
- Best next step
- Ask for the origin of the stearic acid.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E483 (Stearyl tartrate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E483 guide →E484Check source
Stearyl citrate
The same stearic acid question as E483, paired with citric acid instead of tartaric acid.
- Also written as
- ins 484
- Possible source
- Stearic acid derivatives and citric acid.
- Common uses
- Fats and oils as a sequestrant.
- Best next step
- Ask for the origin of the stearic acid.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E484 (Stearyl citrate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E484 guide →E492Check source
Sorbitan tristearate
A sorbitan ester built on stearic acid, which is produced from vegetable oil and from animal fat.
- Also written as
- STS, ins 492
- Possible source
- Sorbitol and stearic acid.
- Common uses
- Chocolate, confectionery coatings, and whipped toppings.
- Best next step
- Ask for the origin of the stearic acid.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E492 (Sorbitan tristearate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E492 guide →E493Check source
Sorbitan monolaurate
A sorbitan ester built on lauric acid, commonly from coconut or palm kernel oil.
- Also written as
- ins 493
- Possible source
- Sorbitol and lauric acid.
- Common uses
- Emulsified foods and flavour delivery.
- Best next step
- Ask for the fatty acid origin.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E493 (Sorbitan monolaurate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E494Check source
Sorbitan monooleate
A sorbitan ester built on oleic acid, which is commonly plant derived but not exclusively.
- Also written as
- ins 494
- Possible source
- Sorbitol and oleic acid.
- Common uses
- Emulsified foods, sauces, and supplements.
- Best next step
- Ask for the fatty acid origin.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E494 (Sorbitan monooleate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E494 guide →E495Check source
Sorbitan monopalmitate
A sorbitan ester built on palmitic acid, produced from palm oil and from animal fat.
- Also written as
- ins 495
- Possible source
- Sorbitol and palmitic acid.
- Common uses
- Bakery and confectionery products.
- Best next step
- Ask for the fatty acid origin.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E495 (Sorbitan monopalmitate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E921Check source
L-cystine
Closely related to L-cysteine and carrying the same source question, since both can be produced from animal keratin or by fermentation.
- Also written as
- cystine, ins 921
- Possible source
- Fermentation, synthesis, or animal keratin such as feathers or hair.
- Common uses
- Dough treatment and supplements.
- Best next step
- Ask whether the source is fermentation, synthetic, or animal keratin.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E921 (L-cystine). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E921 guide →E641Check source
L-leucine
An amino acid used as a flavour modifier. It may be produced by fermentation or extracted from protein.
- Also written as
- leucine, ins 641
- Possible source
- Fermentation or protein hydrolysis.
- Common uses
- Flavour modification and supplements.
- Best next step
- Ask whether the amino acid is fermentation derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E641 (L-leucine). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E641 guide →E1000Animal-derived
Cholic acid
A bile acid obtained from animal bile, which makes species and slaughter method the deciding questions.
- Also written as
- ins 1000
- Possible source
- Animal bile, typically bovine or ovine.
- Common uses
- Emulsifier in a small number of applications.
- Best next step
- Treat as animal derived and verify the species and halal controls.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E1000 (Cholic acid). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E1105Animal-derived
Lysozyme
An enzyme obtained from hen egg white, used to prevent late blowing in cheese.
- Also written as
- egg lysozyme, ins 1105
- Possible source
- Hen egg white.
- Common uses
- Cheese, particularly hard cheeses, and some wines.
- Best next step
- Egg derived rather than meat derived. Check the wider cheese label for rennet.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E1105 (Lysozyme). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E1105 guide →E966Usually identifiable
Lactitol
A sweetener made from lactose, so it is dairy derived rather than meat derived.
- Also written as
- ins 966
- Possible source
- Lactose from milk.
- Common uses
- Sugar-free confectionery and baked goods.
- Best next step
- Dairy origin. Check the wider product for other source-dependent ingredients.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E966 (Lactitol). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E966 guide →E626Check source
Guanylic acid
A flavour enhancer in the guanylate family, produced from yeast or other sources depending on the manufacturer.
- Also written as
- guanylic acid, ins 626
- Possible source
- Yeast, fermentation, or other biological sources.
- Common uses
- Savoury snacks, instant noodles, and seasonings.
- Best next step
- Ask whether the source is yeast or fermentation derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E626 (Guanylic acid). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E626 guide →E628Check source
Dipotassium guanylate
The potassium salt in the guanylate family, carrying the same source question as E627.
- Also written as
- ins 628
- Possible source
- Yeast, fermentation, or other biological sources.
- Common uses
- Savoury seasonings and snacks.
- Best next step
- Ask about the production source.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E628 (Dipotassium guanylate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E628 guide →E629Check source
Calcium guanylate
The calcium salt in the guanylate family, with the same source question as the rest.
- Also written as
- ins 629
- Possible source
- Yeast, fermentation, or other biological sources.
- Common uses
- Savoury seasonings.
- Best next step
- Ask about the production source.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E629 (Calcium guanylate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E629 guide →E636Usually identifiable
Maltol
A flavour enhancer with a caramel character, produced synthetically or from plant material.
- Also written as
- ins 636
- Possible source
- Synthesis or plant sources.
- Common uses
- Baked goods and confectionery.
- Best next step
- Normally not an animal source question.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E636 (Maltol). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E621Usually identifiable
Monosodium glutamate
Commercial MSG is produced by fermenting a carbohydrate such as sugar cane or starch.
- Also written as
- MSG, monosodium glutamate, ins 621
- Possible source
- Fermentation of carbohydrate feedstocks.
- Common uses
- Savoury foods, snacks, and seasonings.
- Best next step
- Normally fermentation derived. Check the wider product for meat extracts and fats.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E621 (Monosodium glutamate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E621 guide →E100Usually identifiable
Curcumin
A yellow colour extracted from turmeric root.
- Also written as
- turmeric, curcumin, ins 100
- Possible source
- Turmeric rhizome.
- Common uses
- Confectionery, dairy, sauces, and savoury products.
- Best next step
- Plant derived. Check the carrier if one is named.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E100 (Curcumin). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E100 guide →E101Usually identifiable
Riboflavin
Vitamin B2 used as a yellow colour, now generally produced by fermentation.
- Also written as
- vitamin B2, riboflavin, ins 101
- Possible source
- Fermentation, or synthesis.
- Common uses
- Dairy, cereals, drinks, and supplements.
- Best next step
- Normally fermentation derived. Check supplement shells separately.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E101 (Riboflavin). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E101 guide →E102Usually identifiable
Tartrazine
A synthetic yellow azo dye, manufactured rather than extracted from any organism.
- Also written as
- yellow 5, FD&C yellow no 5, tartrazine, ins 102
- Possible source
- Chemical synthesis.
- Common uses
- Soft drinks, confectionery, sauces, and snacks.
- Best next step
- Synthetic. The colour worth finding in a list is carmine.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E102 (Tartrazine). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E102 guide →E110Usually identifiable
Sunset yellow FCF
A synthetic orange-yellow azo dye.
- Also written as
- yellow 6, FD&C yellow no 6, ins 110
- Possible source
- Chemical synthesis.
- Common uses
- Confectionery, drinks, and snacks.
- Best next step
- Synthetic. Check coatings and glazes separately.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E110 (Sunset yellow FCF). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E110 guide →E122Usually identifiable
Carmoisine
A synthetic red dye. Despite the similar sounding name it is unrelated to carmine.
- Also written as
- azorubine, ins 122
- Possible source
- Chemical synthesis.
- Common uses
- Confectionery, desserts, and drinks.
- Best next step
- Synthetic, and not to be confused with insect derived carmine.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E122 (Carmoisine). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E122 guide →E124Usually identifiable
Ponceau 4R
A synthetic red dye. Its alternative name cochineal red A causes frequent confusion with insect derived carmine.
- Also written as
- cochineal red A, ins 124
- Possible source
- Chemical synthesis.
- Common uses
- Confectionery, desserts, and drinks.
- Best next step
- Synthetic despite the name. Insect derived carmine is E120.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E124 (Ponceau 4R). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E124 guide →E129Usually identifiable
Allura red AC
A synthetic red dye, the most widely used red in many markets.
- Also written as
- red 40, FD&C red no 40, ins 129
- Possible source
- Chemical synthesis.
- Common uses
- Confectionery, drinks, cereals, and snacks.
- Best next step
- Synthetic. Look for carmine if an animal source matters to you.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E129 (Allura red AC). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E129 guide →E132Usually identifiable
Indigotine
A synthetic blue dye. The name indigo carmine refers to the dye class, not to insect carmine.
- Also written as
- indigo carmine, blue 2, ins 132
- Possible source
- Chemical synthesis.
- Common uses
- Confectionery and drinks.
- Best next step
- Synthetic despite carrying the word carmine in one of its names.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E132 (Indigotine). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E132 guide →E133Usually identifiable
Brilliant blue FCF
A synthetic blue dye.
- Also written as
- blue 1, FD&C blue no 1, ins 133
- Possible source
- Chemical synthesis.
- Common uses
- Confectionery, drinks, and icings.
- Best next step
- Synthetic. Check coatings separately.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E133 (Brilliant blue FCF). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E133 guide →E140Usually identifiable
Chlorophylls
Green colour extracted from plant material such as grass or nettles.
- Also written as
- chlorophyll, ins 140
- Possible source
- Plant material.
- Common uses
- Confectionery, dairy, and sauces.
- Best next step
- Plant derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E140 (Chlorophylls). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E140 guide →E150aUsually identifiable
Plain caramel
Colour produced by heating carbohydrates, without ammonia or sulphite compounds.
- Also written as
- caramel colour, caramel color, ins 150a
- Possible source
- Heated carbohydrates.
- Common uses
- Soft drinks, sauces, bakery, and confectionery.
- Best next step
- Carbohydrate derived. Check the wider product.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E150a (Plain caramel). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E150a guide →E160aCheck source
Carotenes
The colour itself comes from plants or fermentation, but it is oil soluble and is often supplied on a carrier, and gelatin is used as a carrier in some preparations.
- Also written as
- beta-carotene, carotene, ins 160a
- Possible source
- Plants, algae, or fermentation, delivered on a carrier.
- Common uses
- Dairy, drinks, spreads, and supplements.
- Best next step
- Ask what the carotene is carried on, since gelatin is used in some carrier systems.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E160a (Carotenes). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E160a guide →E160bUsually identifiable
Annatto
An orange colour from the seeds of the achiote tree.
- Also written as
- bixin, norbixin, annatto, ins 160b
- Possible source
- Achiote tree seeds.
- Common uses
- Cheese, butter, snacks, and cereals.
- Best next step
- Plant derived. Check carriers where named.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E160b (Annatto). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E160b guide →E160cUsually identifiable
Paprika extract
A red-orange colour extracted from peppers.
- Also written as
- capsanthin, paprika oleoresin, ins 160c
- Possible source
- Capsicum peppers.
- Common uses
- Snacks, sauces, and processed meats.
- Best next step
- Plant derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E160c (Paprika extract). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E160c guide →E161bUsually identifiable
Lutein
A yellow colour from marigold and other plants, often supplied in an oil carrier.
- Also written as
- ins 161b
- Possible source
- Marigold petals and other plant sources.
- Common uses
- Drinks, dairy, and supplements.
- Best next step
- Plant derived. Check the carrier in supplements.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E161b (Lutein). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E161b guide →E162Usually identifiable
Beetroot red
A red colour from beetroot.
- Also written as
- betanin, beet red, ins 162
- Possible source
- Beetroot.
- Common uses
- Desserts, confectionery, and dairy.
- Best next step
- Plant derived and a common alternative to carmine.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E162 (Beetroot red). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E162 guide →E163Usually identifiable
Anthocyanins
Red to purple colours from fruit and vegetable skins.
- Also written as
- grape skin extract, ins 163
- Possible source
- Grape skins, berries, and other plants.
- Common uses
- Drinks, confectionery, and desserts.
- Best next step
- Plant derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E163 (Anthocyanins). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E163 guide →E170Usually identifiable
Calcium carbonate
A mineral used as a white colour, anti-caking agent, and calcium source.
- Also written as
- chalk, ins 170
- Possible source
- Mineral sources.
- Common uses
- Bakery, confectionery, and supplements.
- Best next step
- Mineral derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E170 (Calcium carbonate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E200Usually identifiable
Sorbic acid
A synthetic preservative against moulds and yeasts.
- Also written as
- ins 200
- Possible source
- Chemical synthesis.
- Common uses
- Cheese, baked goods, drinks, and sauces.
- Best next step
- Synthetic.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E200 (Sorbic acid). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E200 guide →E202Usually identifiable
Potassium sorbate
The potassium salt of sorbic acid, produced synthetically.
- Also written as
- ins 202
- Possible source
- Chemical synthesis.
- Common uses
- Cheese, baked goods, drinks, and dried fruit.
- Best next step
- Synthetic.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E202 (Potassium sorbate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E202 guide →E211Usually identifiable
Sodium benzoate
A synthetic preservative used mainly in acidic products.
- Also written as
- ins 211
- Possible source
- Chemical synthesis.
- Common uses
- Soft drinks, sauces, and pickles.
- Best next step
- Synthetic.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E211 (Sodium benzoate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E211 guide →E220Usually identifiable
Sulphur dioxide
A preservative and antioxidant, also a declared allergen above threshold levels.
- Also written as
- sulfur dioxide, ins 220
- Possible source
- Chemical production.
- Common uses
- Dried fruit, wine, and processed vegetables.
- Best next step
- Not an animal source question. It is an allergen declaration.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E220 (Sulphur dioxide). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E220 guide →E250Usually identifiable
Sodium nitrite
A curing salt used in processed meats. It is mineral derived, so the meat itself is the halal question rather than the additive.
- Also written as
- ins 250
- Possible source
- Chemical production.
- Common uses
- Cured and processed meats.
- Best next step
- Check the meat and its slaughter method, not the curing salt.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E250 (Sodium nitrite). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E251Usually identifiable
Sodium nitrate
A curing salt in processed meats, with the same reasoning as E250.
- Also written as
- saltpetre, ins 251
- Possible source
- Mineral or chemical production.
- Common uses
- Cured meats and some cheeses.
- Best next step
- The meat is the question, not the salt.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E251 (Sodium nitrate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E260Usually identifiable
Acetic acid
The acid in vinegar, produced by fermentation or synthesis.
- Also written as
- vinegar acid, ins 260
- Possible source
- Fermentation or synthesis.
- Common uses
- Pickles, sauces, and dressings.
- Best next step
- Check the vinegar guide where wine vinegar is named.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E260 (Acetic acid). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E260 guide →E270Usually identifiable
Lactic acid
Commercial lactic acid is produced by fermenting carbohydrates rather than taken from milk.
- Also written as
- ins 270
- Possible source
- Fermentation of carbohydrates.
- Common uses
- Dairy, drinks, confectionery, and dressings.
- Best next step
- Normally fermentation derived despite the name.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E270 (Lactic acid). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E270 guide →E296Usually identifiable
Malic acid
An acidity regulator produced synthetically or from fruit.
- Also written as
- ins 296
- Possible source
- Synthesis or fruit.
- Common uses
- Confectionery, drinks, and desserts.
- Best next step
- Not an animal source question.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E296 (Malic acid). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E300Usually identifiable
Ascorbic acid
Vitamin C, produced commercially by fermentation and synthesis.
- Also written as
- vitamin C, ins 300
- Possible source
- Fermentation and synthesis.
- Common uses
- Drinks, bakery, processed meats, and supplements.
- Best next step
- Normally not an animal source question.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E300 (Ascorbic acid). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E300 guide →E304Check source
Ascorbyl palmitate
Vitamin C joined to palmitic acid. The vitamin C portion is straightforward; the palmitic acid is not settled by the code.
- Also written as
- ins 304
- Possible source
- Ascorbic acid and palmitic acid from plant oil or animal fat.
- Common uses
- Oils, fats, and supplements.
- Best next step
- Ask for the origin of the palmitic acid.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E304 (Ascorbyl palmitate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether it is plant-derived, animal-derived, fish-derived, insect-derived, fermentation-produced, or synthetic. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E304 guide →E306Usually identifiable
Tocopherol-rich extract
Vitamin E antioxidants recovered from vegetable oil refining.
- Also written as
- mixed tocopherols, vitamin E, ins 306
- Possible source
- Vegetable oil, mainly soya.
- Common uses
- Oils, spreads, snacks, and supplements.
- Best next step
- Plant derived. In supplements the softgel shell matters more.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E306 (Tocopherol-rich extract). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E306 guide →E330Usually identifiable
Citric acid
Produced commercially by fermentation, not by extracting citrus fruit.
- Also written as
- ins 330
- Possible source
- Fermentation, commonly using Aspergillus niger.
- Common uses
- Drinks, confectionery, sauces, and canned foods.
- Best next step
- Fermentation derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E330 (Citric acid). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E330 guide →E338Usually identifiable
Phosphoric acid
A mineral acid used mainly in cola drinks.
- Also written as
- ins 338
- Possible source
- Mineral sources.
- Common uses
- Soft drinks and processed foods.
- Best next step
- Mineral derived. Bone phosphate is E542 and is a separate case.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E338 (Phosphoric acid). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E406Usually identifiable
Agar
A gelling agent from red seaweed, widely used as a plant alternative to gelatin.
- Also written as
- agar agar, ins 406
- Possible source
- Red seaweed.
- Common uses
- Desserts, confectionery, and dairy.
- Best next step
- Plant derived and a common gelatin replacement.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E406 (Agar). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E406 guide →E407Usually identifiable
Carrageenan
A thickener and gelling agent from red seaweed.
- Also written as
- irish moss, ins 407
- Possible source
- Red seaweed.
- Common uses
- Dairy, plant milks, desserts, and processed meats.
- Best next step
- Plant derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E407 (Carrageenan). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E407 guide →E410Usually identifiable
Locust bean gum
A thickener from carob tree seeds.
- Also written as
- carob gum, ins 410
- Possible source
- Carob seeds.
- Common uses
- Ice cream, dairy, and sauces.
- Best next step
- Plant derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E410 (Locust bean gum). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E412Usually identifiable
Guar gum
A thickener from guar beans.
- Also written as
- guar, ins 412
- Possible source
- Guar plant seeds.
- Common uses
- Dairy, bakery, sauces, and gluten free products.
- Best next step
- Plant derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E412 (Guar gum). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E414Usually identifiable
Acacia gum
Hardened sap tapped from acacia trees, used as a thickener, glaze, and carrier.
- Also written as
- gum arabic, acacia, ins 414
- Possible source
- Acacia tree exudate.
- Common uses
- Soft drinks, confectionery, and flavour powders.
- Best next step
- Plant derived. Check what it is carrying.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E414 (Acacia gum). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E414 guide →E415Usually identifiable
Xanthan gum
A thickener produced by fermenting a carbohydrate with Xanthomonas campestris.
- Also written as
- xanthan, ins 415
- Possible source
- Bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates.
- Common uses
- Sauces, dressings, gluten free bakery, and drinks.
- Best next step
- Fermentation derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E415 (Xanthan gum). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E415 guide →E418Usually identifiable
Gellan gum
A gelling agent produced by bacterial fermentation.
- Also written as
- gellan, ins 418
- Possible source
- Bacterial fermentation.
- Common uses
- Plant milks, desserts, and capsule shells.
- Best next step
- Fermentation derived and used in vegetarian capsules.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E418 (Gellan gum). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E418 guide →E420Usually identifiable
Sorbitol
A sugar alcohol made from glucose.
- Also written as
- sorbitol syrup, ins 420
- Possible source
- Glucose from starch.
- Common uses
- Sugar free confectionery, bakery, and toothpaste.
- Best next step
- Plant derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E420 (Sorbitol). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E420 guide →E421Usually identifiable
Mannitol
A sugar alcohol produced from carbohydrates.
- Also written as
- ins 421
- Possible source
- Carbohydrate sources.
- Common uses
- Sugar free confectionery and tablets.
- Best next step
- Plant derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E421 (Mannitol). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E421 guide →E440Usually identifiable
Pectin
A gelling agent from citrus peel and apple pomace.
- Also written as
- fruit pectin, ins 440
- Possible source
- Citrus peel and apple.
- Common uses
- Jams, confectionery, gummies, and dairy.
- Best next step
- Plant derived and a common gelatin alternative in gummies.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E440 (Pectin). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E440 guide →E460Usually identifiable
Cellulose
Plant fibre used as a bulking and anti-caking agent.
- Also written as
- microcrystalline cellulose, MCC, ins 460
- Possible source
- Plant cellulose, commonly wood pulp or cotton.
- Common uses
- Tablets, grated cheese, and bakery.
- Best next step
- Plant derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E460 (Cellulose). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E464Usually identifiable
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
A modified plant cellulose used to make vegetarian capsule shells.
- Also written as
- HPMC, hypromellose, ins 464
- Possible source
- Plant cellulose.
- Common uses
- Capsule shells, bakery, and sauces.
- Best next step
- Plant derived. It is the common alternative to gelatin capsules.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E464 (Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E464 guide →E466Usually identifiable
Carboxymethyl cellulose
A modified plant cellulose used as a thickener.
- Also written as
- CMC, cellulose gum, ins 466
- Possible source
- Plant cellulose.
- Common uses
- Ice cream, sauces, and drinks.
- Best next step
- Plant derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E466 (Carboxymethyl cellulose). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E1400Usually identifiable
Dextrin
A starch derivative used as a carrier and thickener.
- Also written as
- ins 1400
- Possible source
- Starch from maize, wheat, potato, or tapioca.
- Common uses
- Sauces, snacks, and powders.
- Best next step
- Plant derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E1400 (Dextrin). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E1400 guide →E1442Usually identifiable
Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate
A modified starch used as a thickener and stabiliser.
- Also written as
- modified starch, ins 1442
- Possible source
- Starch from maize, wheat, potato, or tapioca.
- Common uses
- Sauces, ready meals, dairy, and canned foods.
- Best next step
- Plant derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E1442 (Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E1442 guide →E500Usually identifiable
Sodium carbonates
A raising agent and acidity regulator from mineral sources.
- Also written as
- baking soda, sodium bicarbonate, ins 500
- Possible source
- Mineral sources.
- Common uses
- Bakery, confectionery, and drinks.
- Best next step
- Mineral derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E500 (Sodium carbonates). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E501Usually identifiable
Potassium carbonates
An acidity regulator from mineral sources.
- Also written as
- ins 501
- Possible source
- Mineral sources.
- Common uses
- Bakery and cocoa processing.
- Best next step
- Mineral derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E501 (Potassium carbonates). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E503Usually identifiable
Ammonium carbonates
A raising agent used in flat biscuits.
- Also written as
- bakers ammonia, ins 503
- Possible source
- Chemical production.
- Common uses
- Biscuits and crackers.
- Best next step
- Not an animal source question.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E503 (Ammonium carbonates). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E507Usually identifiable
Hydrochloric acid
A processing acid, generally not present in the finished food.
- Also written as
- ins 507
- Possible source
- Chemical production.
- Common uses
- Processing aid in starch and gelatin manufacture.
- Best next step
- Not an animal source question in itself.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E507 (Hydrochloric acid). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E509Usually identifiable
Calcium chloride
A firming agent and cheese making salt from mineral sources.
- Also written as
- ins 509
- Possible source
- Mineral sources.
- Common uses
- Cheese, canned vegetables, and tofu.
- Best next step
- Mineral derived. In cheese, rennet is the question.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E509 (Calcium chloride). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E509 guide →E551Usually identifiable
Silicon dioxide
An anti-caking agent from mineral sources.
- Also written as
- silica, ins 551
- Possible source
- Mineral sources.
- Common uses
- Powders, seasonings, and supplements.
- Best next step
- Mineral derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E551 (Silicon dioxide). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E552Usually identifiable
Calcium silicate
A mineral anti-caking agent.
- Also written as
- ins 552
- Possible source
- Mineral sources.
- Common uses
- Powders and seasonings.
- Best next step
- Mineral derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E552 (Calcium silicate). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E553bUsually identifiable
Talc
A mineral anti-caking and polishing agent.
- Also written as
- ins 553b
- Possible source
- Mineral sources.
- Common uses
- Confectionery polishing and tablets.
- Best next step
- Mineral derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E553b (Talc). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
E575Usually identifiable
Glucono delta-lactone
An acidifier produced from glucose, used in tofu and cured products.
- Also written as
- GDL, ins 575
- Possible source
- Glucose fermentation.
- Common uses
- Tofu, cured meats, and bakery.
- Best next step
- Plant derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E575 (Glucono delta-lactone). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E575 guide →E902Usually identifiable
Candelilla wax
A plant wax from the candelilla shrub, used as a glaze.
- Also written as
- ins 902
- Possible source
- Candelilla shrub.
- Common uses
- Confectionery coatings and chewing gum.
- Best next step
- Plant derived, unlike shellac.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E902 (Candelilla wax). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E902 guide →E914Usually identifiable
Oxidised polyethylene wax
A synthetic wax used as a fruit coating.
- Also written as
- ins 914
- Possible source
- Chemical synthesis.
- Common uses
- Surface treatment of fresh produce.
- Best next step
- Synthetic.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E914 (Oxidised polyethylene wax). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E914 guide →E950Usually identifiable
Acesulfame K
A synthetic high intensity sweetener.
- Also written as
- acesulfame potassium, ace-K, ins 950
- Possible source
- Chemical synthesis.
- Common uses
- Drinks, confectionery, and dairy.
- Best next step
- Synthetic.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E950 (Acesulfame K). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E950 guide →E951Usually identifiable
Aspartame
A synthetic sweetener made from two amino acids.
- Also written as
- ins 951
- Possible source
- Chemical synthesis from amino acid building blocks.
- Common uses
- Diet drinks, chewing gum, and desserts.
- Best next step
- Synthetic.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E951 (Aspartame). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E951 guide →E954Usually identifiable
Saccharin
A synthetic high intensity sweetener.
- Also written as
- ins 954
- Possible source
- Chemical synthesis.
- Common uses
- Drinks, tabletop sweeteners, and confectionery.
- Best next step
- Synthetic.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E954 (Saccharin). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E954 guide →E955Usually identifiable
Sucralose
A synthetic sweetener made by modifying sucrose.
- Also written as
- splenda, ins 955
- Possible source
- Sucrose, chemically modified.
- Common uses
- Drinks, dairy, and confectionery.
- Best next step
- Synthetic.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E955 (Sucralose). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E955 guide →E960Usually identifiable
Steviol glycosides
Sweet compounds extracted from the stevia leaf.
- Also written as
- stevia, ins 960
- Possible source
- Stevia leaves.
- Common uses
- Drinks, dairy, and confectionery.
- Best next step
- Plant derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E960 (Steviol glycosides). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E960 guide →E965Usually identifiable
Maltitol
A sugar alcohol made from starch.
- Also written as
- maltitol syrup, ins 965
- Possible source
- Starch.
- Common uses
- Sugar free chocolate and confectionery.
- Best next step
- Plant derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E965 (Maltitol). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E965 guide →E967Usually identifiable
Xylitol
A sugar alcohol produced from plant material such as birch or corn.
- Also written as
- ins 967
- Possible source
- Plant xylan.
- Common uses
- Chewing gum, confectionery, and oral care.
- Best next step
- Plant derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E967 (Xylitol). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E967 guide →E968Usually identifiable
Erythritol
A sugar alcohol produced by fermentation.
- Also written as
- ins 968
- Possible source
- Fermentation of glucose.
- Common uses
- Sugar free drinks and confectionery.
- Best next step
- Fermentation derived.
- Question to send
- Your label lists E968 (Erythritol). What raw material and manufacturing route does the current supplier use? Please confirm whether any processing aids, carriers, coatings, or supplier changes affect that source. If an animal source is involved, what species and halal controls apply? Is this ingredient or finished product covered by a current halal certificate for this exact product and market?
Read the full E968 guide →